Lessons of History

• For Hirohito: Starvation ends dynasties.
• For Japan's army:
  
  • Democracies are casualty-averse, will accept negotiated peace after aggression, on terms that will allow aggressor to rise again. (more)
  • Conquest demands autarky and readiness for "Total War".
• For U.S./U.K.: Future peace demands clear-cut victory that discredits militarism and allows reform.
  • Failure to clearly defeat German Army and enforce reforms aided Nazi's rise.
  • Long-running multi-national Versailles negotiations were a mistake.
• For all: Soviet Union would ally with an enemy of capitalist democracy. (more)

Togu Gogakumonjo

Nov 11, 1918

Japanese Intent to Exploit US-USSR Friction (Ōnishi quote)

Hirota-Malik MAGIC Diplomatic Summary Report

The "Peace Feelers Through the Soviet Union" message exchange.